Decode a hex dump to text, or turn text into hex bytes.
Text is turned into UTF-8 bytes and each byte is written as two hex digits, so the letter A becomes 41. When decoding, spaces, commas and 0x prefixes are ignored, which means you can paste output from many debuggers, packet captures and hex editors as it is.
If the number of hex digits is odd, or the bytes are not valid UTF-8, you get a specific error rather than corrupted text.
Continuous hex such as 48656c6c6f, spaced hex such as 48 65 6c 6c 6f, comma separated values, and 0x prefixed bytes.
The hex might represent binary data, such as an image, rather than text, so the bytes are not valid UTF-8 characters.
Both encode bytes as text. Hex uses two characters per byte and Base64 about 1.33, so Base64 is more compact.